Most of the German capital was taken by the Soviets, forcing the defenders to accept their unconditional surrender.

After the victory, many Soviet soldiers carried out robberies, murders and rapes of German women. 

With the suicide of Hitler, Goebbels and other high German officials, the Nazi Party was left without a head.

The fall of Berlin led to the unconditional surrender of Germany and this meant the destruction of the Third Reich and the end of World War II in Europe.

The Soviets reported some 400,000 casualties while the Germans lost about 200,000 men. An estimated 150,000 civilians died during the siege of the city.

The Soviet advance on Berlin provoked a wave of German refugees who surrendered to the Western Allies on the banks of the Elbe River.

The Battle of Berlin was a warlike confrontation between Soviet and German troops that took place in 1945, in the capital of Nazi Germany. This began on April 16 and ended on May 2, after the Germans surrendered to the armies of the Soviet Union.

Thus, it was the last great military action in Europe during World War II.

Germany lacked the means to stop the Soviet attack. However, the German leader Adolf Hitler refused to surrender. This decision led him to suicide and caused the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians and soldiers on both sides.

• Germany lost much of its territory, which was divided between Austria, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland and Czechoslovakia. In addition, it was occupied by troops from the United States, the Soviet Union, France and Great Britain.
• Italy lost all its colonies in Africa and small territories that were given to France, Yugoslavia and Greece.
• Japan lost all its colonies and was occupied by troops from the United States.
• The Soviet Union enlarged its territory with the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Poland, Finland, and Romania.
• The United States incorporates several archipelagos in the Pacific, such as Wake and Guam, among others.

• The death of some 60 million people, between the military and civilians. Among them, the millions of Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, the disabled and opponents who were murdered in the concentration and extermination camps of Nazi Germany.
• After the war, hundreds of thousands more people died of hunger and various diseases. In Japan, thousands of people died after 1945, affected by radiation from the bombs dropped by the United States on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• There were intense migratory movements, both of people displaced by the war seeking to return home, and of Europeans who settled in America or returned to Europe when the struggles for decolonization began in Asia and Africa.

• Large numbers of cities, ports, bridges, roads and railways were destroyed due to air and ground bombardments, which seriously affected the economies of the belligerent countries.
• The United States and the Soviet Union created a large arms industry, which continues to this day.
• The United States implemented the Marshall Plan to provide financial support to war-torn European countries. The objective of this aid was not only economic; it was also motivated by fear of the spread of communism in Western Europe.
• Institutions, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, were created to solve the global financial crisis.

• The end of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan and their replacement by more democratic political systems.
• The emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as world superpowers. The different political, social and economic systems of these well-known countries led to the beginning of a competition for world preponderance such as the Cold War and were divided into 2 political blocs known as capitalist and communist.
• The beginning of a process of decolonization due to the help provided by the colonies to their metropolises during the war. This process led in a few years to the independence of a large number of countries in Asia and Africa.
• The creation in 1945 of the United Nations (UN), which replaced the League of Nations.

This operation took place during the Second Battle of El Alamein on October 23, 1942. Lack of resources had stopped the Italian-German forces, which were only making defensive preparations at the time.

In the evening at 9:30 pm, a thousand British guns opened fire from Bir-El-Atash and Bir-Abu-Sifai. They hammered the Italian-German infantry forces entrenched in the northern and central sectors of the El-Alamein front. During the day, squadrons of bombers from the airfields on the Nile dropped their bomb loads.

On the morning of October 24, the German headquarters was bombed. At the beginning of the battle, Rommel was in Germany. General Georg Stumme, suffered a heart attack and died. General Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma temporarily assumed command as commander.

The Panzerarmee Afrika lost 12,000 men and the Allies lost 23,500 men killed and wounded.

The victory was exploited in Great Britain and Montgomery received the title of Viscount of El Alamein.

Rommel and his army fled to Tunisia, risking being encircled during the entire journey along the African coast.

Until May 1943 the allies expelled the last forces from the Axis of Africa.

The second battle of El Alamein was the turning point of the war in North Africa, during World War II. This battle took place on October 23, 1942 to November 3, 1942.

In August 1942, Montgomery was appointed Chief General of the British VIII Army in Egypt. Churchill ordered a massive supply of troops, arms, and ammunition with the intention of repelling and driving back Rommel’s army, finally on October 23, 1942, British troops launched the attack.

This battle was key in the outcome of the war in North Africa. The Anglo-American landing in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia a few days later allowed the definitive defeat of the «Afrika Korps», its Italian allies and the allied control of North Africa. This control allowed the subsequent attack on Italy that caused the downfall of Mussolini.